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Richard Hodgson (parapsychologist)
Richard Hodgson (1855–1905) was an Australian-born psychical researcher.
==Biography==
Hodgson was born in Melbourne, Australia on September 24, 1855. He received a doctor of law degree in 1878 from the University of Melbourne. In the 1880s he moved to England to study poetry at St John's College, Cambridge. Hodgson met Henry Sidgwick his professor at Cambridge and became a member of the Society for Psychical Research (SPR) in 1882.〔Raymond Buckland. (2006). ''The Spirit Book: The Encyclopedia of Clairvoyance, Channeling, and Spirit Communication''. Visible Ink Press. p. 177. ISBN 978-0780809222〕 Hodgson joined the American Society for Psychical Research in 1887 to serve as its secretary.〔Rosemary Guiley. (1994). ''The Guinness Encyclopedia of Ghosts and Spirits''. Guinness Publishing. p. 164. ISBN 978-0851127484〕
Hodgson was sent by the SPR in 1884 to India to investigate Helena Blavatsky and concluded that her claims of psychic power were fraudulent.〔Nevill Drury. (2006). ''The Dictionary of the Esoteric: 3000 Entries on the Mystical and Occult''. Watkins. p. 144. ISBN 978-1842931080〕 Among the phenomena that Hodgson investigated was the supposed miraculous Theosophical letters from the Mahatmas which were said to magically appear over a four-year period in a cabinet in the Shrine Room at the Theosophical headquarters in Madres.〔John Melton. (2007). ''The Encyclopedia of Religious Phenomena''. Visible Ink Press. pp. 210-211. ISBN 978-1578592098〕 Hodgson in his report wrote that the letters were frauds and had been written by Blavatsky herself who had put them in the cabinet from an opening in her bedroom located behind the Shrine room.〔 Although a believer in mental mediumship, Hodgson was a critic of physical mediumship which he claimed was fraudulent. Some of the mediums that he exposed as frauds were William Eglinton, Eusapia Palladino, Henry Slade and Rosina Thompson.〔Joseph McCabe. (1920). ''Spiritualism: A Popular History from 1847''. Dodd, Mead and Company. pp. 176-210〕
A. T. Baird author of the book ''Richard Hodgson'' published by Psychic Press Limited, London in 1949 is the only biography of Hodgson. Joseph McCabe praised the work of Hodgson in debunking fraudulent mediums but wrote he was credulous on his study of Leonora Piper.〔Joseph McCabe. (1920). ''Is Spiritualism Based On Fraud? The Evidence Given By Sir A. C. Doyle and Others Drastically Examined''. London: Watts & Co. pp. 101-105〕 The much expanded 2nd edition, extremely scarce in any form, ''Spiritualism and Oliver Lodge'' by Dr. Charles Arthur Mercier contains a letter by Hodgson which portrays him as over-zealous and an unreliable witness.〔
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